Surgical Implants and Other Foreign Bodies: Iarc Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (Paperback, 1999)
Evaluates the carcigenic risks to humans of surgical implants and other foreign bodies. Foreign bodies are defined as any exogeus object that has been introduced into the tissues or cavities of the body and is t rapidly absorbed. The evaluation focuses on exposures caused by the presence in the body of a solid metallic or n-metallic object as a result either of surgery or of involuntary penetration, as through a war wound. Medical and dental devises are grouped together as metallic, n-metallic, and mixed materials, which have different profiles of biological activity. The volume opens with a review of key concepts in the understanding of host-material interactions. Subsequent chapters evaluate human exposure data, evidence from case reports and analytical studies for carcigenicity in humans and in companion animals, evidence of carcigenicity of implanted materials from animal experiments, and further background material on mechanisms of degradation and carcigenicity.On the basis of this review, three implants were classified as possibly carcigenic to humans: polymeric implants prepared as thin smooth films, with the exception of poly(glycolic acid) implants; metallic implants prepared as thin smooth films; and implanted foreign bodies of metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium, and 7% iron. The remaining materials and implants could t be classified on the basis of available data. The evaluation cites evidence suggesting lack of carcigenicity in humans of breast implants, made of silicone, for female breast carcima.